secondary refrigeration system design, components and piping design, safe working practices and relevant standards, codes and regulations, including: technical standards, regulations and codes for secondary refrigeration systems: environmental and safety considerations in the use and disposal of secondary refrigerants: toxicity and food compatibility flammability environmental effects safe disposal safety data sheets (SDS)/material safety data sheet (MSDS) samples registration requirements for transport and on-site use secondary refrigeration systems design requirements: applications of secondary refrigeration systems in refrigeration introduction to secondary refrigeration applications in industrial refrigeration: cold storage, food processing and climatic test chamber application in commercial refrigeration: supermarkets and small commercial systems advantages and disadvantages of secondary refrigerants over the direct use of primary refrigerants properties, application and limitations of available secondary refrigerants: general classification of secondary refrigerant types – single phase, volatile and phase change general types of single phase secondary refrigerants available: glycols, alcohols, brines, hydrocarbons, silicone oils and water common types of volatile and phase change secondary refrigerants available: CO2 and ice slurries thermal and transport properties of most widely used single phase secondary refrigerants (MEG, PG, ethyl alcohol, CaCl2, potassium brines) pump selection for viscous fluids application concepts and principles: main and loop circuits, use of variable speed pumps and overflow valves buffer and storage tanks, benefits and disadvantages loop temperature control and loop pump selection control valve options: regulating and on/off, two-way and three-way, mixing and diverting expansion and contraction of components, compensation for pipe expansion and effect of pipe pre-insulation expansion and contraction of secondary refrigerant, use of membrane expansion tanks versus open expansion tank air purging secondary refrigeration system components and piping: corrosion and material selection: materials compatibility table thermal and other properties of materials in use pipe material and jointing methods/materials pumps, impellers and seals isolation and control valves heat exchangers pipe and insulation materials: metal pipe plastic pipe post-installation insulation (in situ foaming, formed insulation and closed cell flexible insulation) pre-insulated pipe material vapour barrier – importance and maintenance heat exchangers: plate heat exchangers, brazed, welded, semi-welded and gasketed; design considerations in conjunction with primary refrigerant, flooded, direct expansion, and pump circulated primary refrigerant shell and tube and plate and shell heat exchangers fan coil units system control: primary pump speed and staging control maintenance of minimum flow and control valve pressure head overflow valves secondary loop temperature control room humidity and temperature control with fan-coil units problem-solving techniques relevant job safety assessments or risk mitigation processes relevant manufacturer specifications relevant WHS/OHS legislated requirements relevant workplace budget, quality, policies and procedures relevant workplace documentation. |